![]() Marcet (1811) published ahighly detailed case study of Gaspard Vieusseux, in which he speculated that the peculiar sensations in Vieusseux’s head and the derangement of equilibrium arose from a nervous state, rather than an “organic affection of the brain” (p. He described his own affliction as “vertigo, unilateral facial numbness, loss of pain and temperature appreciation in the opposite limbs, dysphagia and hoarseness, minor tongue involvement, hiccups (cured by the taking of the habit of a morning cigarette) and a dropped eyelid” (Pearce, 2000, p. Wallenberg syndrome was initially reported by Gaspard Vieusseux, MD of Geneva in 1810 at the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. This is the most common and classic brain stem vascular syndrome, involving the territory of the vertebral arteries (VA) and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), usually affecting the dominant branch (Groher, 1992 Sacco et al., 1993). Lateral medullary syndrome is caused by a stroke in the lateral medulla and is also known as Wallenberg syndrome. The subjects of the two case studies at the end of this paper made significant progress in swallowing (even based on a comparison between the evaluations at two days after the stroke and at just six days later). LMS patients tend to show rapid and steady recovery of their swallowing function. Finally, the author presents two cases that illustrate key points, such as the younger age of onset of LMS in comparison with most stroke populations, symptomatology, early identification, the need for instrumental evaluations of swallowing, therapy techniques, and outcomes. The goals of the paper are to: (a) provide a review of the literature of LMS, (b) discuss the symptoms and challenges of differential diagnosis, (c) analyze the dysphagia research in LMS, especially how it relates to the central pattern generators (CPG) for swallowing, (d) discuss the pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal aspects of the dysphagia in LMS and (e) review recovery, prognosis, and treatment options. With early identification and treatment, including early swallowing evaluations, the medical team can prevent aspiration pneumonia, intubation, and death from pneumonia. The effects of this infarction need not be devastating. ![]() There is a need to raise public awareness of this type of stroke, as the cluster of symptoms in lateral medullary syndrome includes nausea and vomiting, which the person may mistake for a gastrointestinal infection or flu. A lateral medullary infarction is the most common type of a brainstem stroke, and it presents completely differently than typical cortical cerebral vascular accidents.
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